References

All sources cited across this site. Links to PubMed, PMC, and the original journals.

Citation index

References are numbered in the order they are first cited across the site. All URLs were verified at time of publication. DOIs are stable identifiers; use them to locate the source if a URL resolves differently.

  1. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged Stimulation of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Secretion by CJC-1295, a Long-Acting Analog of GH-Releasing Hormone, in Healthy Adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006;91(3):799-805.
  2. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged Stimulation of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Secretion by CJC-1295, a Long-Acting Analog of GH-Releasing Hormone, in Healthy Adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006;91(3):799-805. [IGF-1 and multi-dose data]
  3. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile Secretion of Growth Hormone (GH) Persists during Continuous Stimulation by CJC-1295, a Long-Acting GH-Releasing Hormone Analog. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006;91(12):4792-4797.
  4. Jetté L, Léger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058.
  5. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. American Journal of Physiology — Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294.
  6. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2009;19(6):471-477.
  7. Jetté L, Léger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. [DPP-IV resistance and four-substitution scaffold]
  8. Jetté L, Léger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. [DAC maleimide-albumin thioether bond and 67 kDa conjugate]
  9. Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thøgersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. European Journal of Endocrinology. 1998;139(5):552-561.
  10. Cui T, Jimenez JJ, Block NL, Badiavas EV, Rodriguez-Menocal L, Vila Granda A, Cai R, Sha W, Zarandi M, Perez R, Schally AV. Agonistic analogs of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) promote wound healing by stimulating the proliferation and survival of human dermal fibroblasts through ERK and AKT pathways. Oncotarget. 2016;7(35):56691-56703.
  11. Ye R, Wang HL, Zeng DW, Chen T, Sun JJ, Xi QY, Zhang YL. GHRH expression plasmid improves osteoporosis and skin damage in aged mice. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2021;60-61:101429.
  12. Yoshida T, Delafontaine P. Mechanisms of IGF-1-Mediated Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy. Cells. 2020;9(9):1970.
  13. Halmos G, Szabo Z, Dobos N, Juhasz E, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) and its signaling. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders. 2025;26(3):421-442.
  14. Ding X, Hwang FJ, Silverman D, Zhong P, Li B, Ma C, Lu L, Jiang G, Zhang Z, Huang X, Tu X, Tian ZM, Ding J, Dan Y. Neuroendocrine circuit for sleep-dependent growth hormone release. Cell. 2025;188(14):3803-3820.
  15. Hennige J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2011;3(9):624-629.
  16. Schally AV, Cai R, Zhang X, Sha W, Wangpaichitr M. The development of growth hormone-releasing hormone analogs: Therapeutic advances in cancer, regenerative medicine, and metabolic disorders. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2024;25(6):1003-1022.
  17. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile Secretion of Growth Hormone (GH) Persists during Continuous Stimulation by CJC-1295, a Long-Acting GH-Releasing Hormone Analog. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. [Pulsatility preservation and pharmacodynamic distinction from exogenous GH]
  18. Mavrych V, Shypilova I, Bolgova O. Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. Frontiers in Aging. 2026;7:1790247.
  19. Tausendfreund O, Bidlingmaier M, Martini S, Reif H, Rippl M, Schilbach K, Schmidmaier R, Drey M. The somatotroph pituitary gland function in high-aged multimorbid hospitalized patients with IGF-I deficiency. Pituitary. 2024;27(4):421-429.
  20. Cunha SR, Mayo KE. Ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) secretagogues potentiate GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-induced cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production in cells expressing transfected GHRH and GH secretagogue receptors. Endocrinology. 2002;143(12):4570-4574.
  21. Sweatt SK, Gomes CL, Dooley GP, et al. Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Medicine. 2026.
  22. Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353.
  23. Moller J, Jorgensen JO, Moller N, et al. GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2002.
  24. Leal-Cerro A, et al. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2011.
  25. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) meeting — briefing document on growth hormone secretagogues (CJC-1295). FDA Advisory Committee Briefing Materials. 2024.
  26. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2025;21(3):180-195.
  27. ConjuChem Inc. A study to evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV patients with visceral obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT00267527. 2006.
  28. World Anti-Doping Agency. The Prohibited List — Section S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics. WADA International Standard. 2025.